Resumo As videiras podem ser cultivadas em diferentes solos e condições climáticas. Entretanto, o efeito destas variáveis na videira e na composição das uvas é complexo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito das classes de solo e as condições meteorológicas nas características produtivas e na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon. O experimento foi implantado no município de São Joaquim, no Planalto Sul Catarinense. A cultivar foi da variedade Cabernet Sauvignon, cultivada em três solos (Cambissolo Háplico, Cambissolo Húmico e Nitossolo Bruno) e analisada por duas safras (2015 e 2016). As condições meteorológicas avaliadas foram a precipitação pluviométrica, a insolação e as temperaturas média, máxima e mínima. Nos solos, foram determinados os atributos físicos e químicos, e na videira, as características produtivas, físico-químicas e compostos fenólicos das uvas. Tanto a classe de solo como as safras tiveram efeito significativo nas características produtivas, físico-químicas e nos compostos fenólicos da uva. O solo foi mais importante para as características produtivas e compostos fenólicos, enquanto as condições meteorológicas foram mais importantes para as características físico-químicas da uva. As características produtivas e a composição da uva foram mais adequadas à produção de vinho na safra de 2016 e nas classes Nitossolo Bruno e Cambissolo Háplico.

Abstract Grapevines can be grown in different soil classes and climatic conditions. However, the effect of these variables on grapevine and grape composition is complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil classes and climatic conditions on productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. The experiment was carried out in São Joaquim (SC), located on the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina. Cabernet Sauvignon variety was analyzed in three soils (Dystrudepts, Humudepts and Rhodudalfs) and two harvests (2015 and 2016). The climatic variables analyzed were rainfall, insolation and average, maximum and minimum temperatures. Soil physical-chemical attributes, productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of grapes were analyzed. Both soil class and harvests had significant effect on productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of grapes. Soil was more important for productive characteristics and phenolic compounds, while meteorological conditions were more important for the physico-chemical characteristics of grapes. Productive characteristics and grape composition were more adequate to wine production in the 2016 harvest and in Rhodudalfs and Dystrudepts soil classes.

ABSTRACT Palustrine areas and wetlands in particular are fragile ecosystems, with high biodiversity and high ecological productivity, and they provide benefits to society. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the main soils occurring in the wetlands of the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, and propose criteria for identification of hydromorphic environments as an aid in demarcation of their boundaries. Soils of four wetlands, in the municipalities of Bom Jardim da Serra, Bom Retiro, Lages, and Painel were described, collected, and taxonomically classified. A transection was demarcated in each one in which soils were analyzed in sites with different degrees of hydromorphism, corresponding to the inner, transition, and outer areas. In hydromorphic areas, the content of organic matter in the soil is higher than in non-hydromorphic areas, which influences the color and classification of the soils. In these soils, Aquents, Aquepts, and Histosols predominate, and Udepts predominate in the outer area. The drainage class and the higher chroma in the subsurface horizons of the Udepts indicate that they are outside the boundaries of the wetlands. The dark color in the surface horizons, along with the greyish colors, associated or not with the presence of mottling in the subsurface horizons, were the most obvious characteristics of a hydromorphic condition, indicating that the soil is located in the transitional and inner areas of the wetlands.

ABSTRACT Traffic of heavy machinery at harvest and log extraction causes structural degradation of the soil, but studies on the effects of forest harvesting on soils with high organic matter content and exchangeable Al are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanized forest harvesting operations on a Dystric Cambisol (Humic) with high organic matter (more 50 g kg1) content and exchangeable Al (more 6,0 cmolc kg-1), reforested with Pinus taeda L. The evaluated harvesting system were the whole-tree, in which the feller-buncher cuts and lays the trees down in bundles; the skidder drags the tree bundles up near a road; and the harvester delimbs and cuts the trees into short logs, stacking them on the roadside to be loaded onto trucks. The areas were evaluated for soil conditions at pre-harvest, prior to harvest, and at post-harvest, consisting of areas of low disturbance, high disturbance, forest residues and log yards. The effects of compaction after forest harvesting are observed by the decrease in total porosity (especially biopores and macropores), soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and stability of aggregates. After forest harvesting, soil compaction was observed in all evaluated situations, but with different depths depending on operation type and the intensity of traffic carried in each area.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos das condições meteorológicas e do tipo de solo sobre características físico-químicas e compostos fenólicos da uva 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera). O experimento foi realizado em vinhedo implantado em 2003, enxertado sobre o porta-enxerto 'Paulsen 1103' e conduzido no sistema espaldeira. No vinhedo, foram selecionados dois solos: Cambissolo Háplico e Cambissolo Húmico. O efeito das condições meteorológicas (precipitação e temperatura mínima e máxima do ar) foi avaliado nas safras 2008/2009, 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Foram determinados os atributos físicos e químicos dos solos, os teores de sólidos solúveis, a acidez titulável e o pH do mosto, bem como o índice de polifenóis totais e dos teores de antocianinas e de taninos da uva. Os fatores solo e as condições meteorológicas (safras) foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x3. Com exceção do teor de polifenóis totais, as condições meteorológicas e o tipo de solo afetam as características físico-químicas da uva 'Cabernet Sauvignon', com efeito mais pronunciado das condições meteorológicas do que do tipo de solo. Menores precipitações e maiores amplitudes térmicas favorecem o acúmulo de sólidos solúveis na uva 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. Maiores precipitações favorecem o aumento da acidez do mosto.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of weather and soil type on the physicochemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape (Vitis vinifera). The experiment was carried out in a vineyard established in 2003, grafted onto 'Paulsen 1103', and conducted in the cordon system. Two soils were selected in the vineyard: Typic Dystrudepts and Pachic Humudepts. The effect of weather (rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperature) was evaluated in the seasons 2008/2009, 2009/2010, and 2010/2011. Soil physical and chemical properties, soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH of the wort were determined, as well as the index of total polyphenols, and anthocyanin and tannin contents of the grape. The factors soil and meteorological conditions (crop seasons) were arranged in a 2x3 factorial. Except for the total polyphenol content, weather and soil type affect the physicochemical characteristics of 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. The effect of weather is more pronounced than the effect of soil type. Lower rainfall and higher temperature ranges favor the accumulation of soluble solids in the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape. Higher rainfall favors the increase of wine acidity.

A compactação causada por atividades antrópicas altera os atributos físicos do solo, causando redução na produtividade e impactos ao ambiente. Muitos estudos sobre esse tema têm sido realizados em solos agrícolas, porém poucas são as informações em áreas com vegetação nativa, nas quais, geralmente, os teores de matéria orgânica são mais elevados. Assim, é oportuno avaliar a relação entre os atributos físicos relacionados à compactação, nessas condições, a fim de estabelecer valores de referência para projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas em campos naturais ou matas ciliares. Objetivou-se relacionar densidade máxima (DsMáx), umidade ótima de compactação (UOC) e densidade relativa (DR) com os limites de consistência, granulometria e teor de matéria orgânica de solos predominantes do Planalto Sul do Estado de Santa Catarina sob vegetação nativa de clima temperado. Amostras do horizonte A foram coletadas em dois Nitossolos, dois Neossolos e dois Cambissolos. Foram avaliados: a granulometria, a densidade de partícula, o teor de carbono orgânico total, os limites de liquidez, de plasticidade e de pegajosidade, o índice de plasticidade, a densidade máxima, a umidade ótima de compactação, a densidade do solo e a densidade relativa. A DsMáx aumenta com o teor de areia total e areia fina e reduz com os teores de argila e com os limites de liquidez e de pegajosidade. A UOC diminui nos solos arenosos, especialmente naqueles com predominância de areia fina, e aumenta nos argilosos ou com maior teor de carbono orgânico total e dos limites de Atterberg. A UOC variou entre 0,76 e 1,05 vezes o limite de plasticidade, tendo relação direta com o teor de silte, indicando que a umidade ótima de compactação não pode ser avaliada apenas com a determinação do limite de plasticidade de um solo. Os solos de altitude do Planalto Sul de SC têm relação UOC/LP diferente da de solos de outros locais, como consequência dos elevados teores de matéria orgânica desses solos.

The compaction caused by anthropic activities alters the soil physical properties, decreasing productivity and affecting the environment. Many studies on this topic have been conducted in agricultural soils; however there is little information in areas with native vegetation, where, usually, organic matter levels are higher. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the relationship between physical properties related to compaction under these conditions to establish reference values for the revegetation of native grassland or riparian forests. The objective was to relate maximum bulk density (MaxBD), optimum water content for compaction (OWC) and relative density (DR) with the limits of consistency, particle size and organic carbon content of predominant soils on the Southern Plateau of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, under native vegetation of temperate climate. Samples of A-Horizon were collected from two Oxisols (Rhodic and Xanthic Kandiudox), two Entisols (Lithic Udorthents and Typic Udipsamments) and two Inceptisols (Pachic Humudepts). The particle size distribution, particle density, total organic carbon content, limits of liquid, plasticity (LP) and stickiness, plasticity index, maximum bulk density (MaxBD), optimum water content (OWC) for compaction, bulk density, and the degree of compactness were evaluated. The MaxBD increases in soils with higher sand and fine sand content, and decreases in soils with higher clay content and higher liquidity and stickiness limits. The OWC decreases in sandy soils, especially those with a predominance of fine sand, and increases in those with higher clay content, total organic carbon and Atterberg limits. The OWC was between 0.76 and 1.05 times the plastic limit, directly related with the silt content, indicating that the optimum moisture content for compaction cannot be measured only by the determination of the plastic limit of a soil. The OWC/LP ratio of soils at higher altitude in the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina is different from that of soils in other places, as a consequence of the high levels of organic matter and silt in these soils.